5.9msi赛程-indy500赛程

有关F1的英文介绍

Formula One (F1), type of racecar used in Grand Prix automobile racing. Capable of speeds exceeding 230 mph (370 kph), the technologically sophisticated F1 cars are low-slung, open-wheeled, single-seat vehicles with powerful mid-engines, air foils, electronic aids, special suspensions, and large tires. They are usually smaller and more maneuverable than similar “Indy-type” racecars. Grand Prix races are usually held on special closed-circuit racetracks, although some (e.g., Monaco Grand Prix) take place on closed streets in and around cities. The design of the F1 cars and rules of F1 racing are under the control of the Paris-based Fédération International de l'Automobile (FIA). The first Grand Prix auto race was held in France in 1906, but it was not until after World War II that F1 racing was born; it soon became one of the world's most popular—and most expensive—sports.

Today's Grand Prix races feature national teams and a standard racing circuit. F1 racecars are usually made by major automobile manufacturers called constructors—Ferrari, Porsche, Mercedes-Benz (DaimlerChrysler), Renault, Toyota, and others—and are maintained by full-time teams. The teams are usually sponsored by large corporations, often in cooperation with an automobile company; some are sponsored solely by car companies. F1 racing was traditionally centered in Europe, but F1 Grand Prix races are now held worldwide. Since 1950 the FIA has declared an annual F1 world champion constructor and driver. Among the best-known drivers are Argentina's Juan Fangio (1950s), Britain's Jackie Stewart (1960s–70s), America's Mario Andretti (18), Austria's Niki Lauda (10s–80s), France's Alain Prost (1980s–90s), and Germany's Michael Schumacher (1990s–2000s).

Bibliography

See S. Arron and M. Hughes, The Complete Book of Formula One (2003); P. G. Wright, Formula 1 Technology (2003); B. Jones Complete Encyclopedia of Formula One (2004); D. Tremayne, The Science of Formula 1 Design (2004).

Racing and strategy

Main articles: Formula One racing and Formula One regulations

A Formula One Grand Prix event spans an entire weekend, beginning with two free practices on Friday, and one free practice on Saturday. Third drivers are allowed to run on Fridays, but only two cars may be used per team. After these practice sessions, a qualifying session is held.

The format of this qualifying session has been through several iterations since 2003. Attempts were made to reinvigorate interest in the qualifying session by using a "one-shot" system in which each driver would take turns on an empty track to set their one and only time.

For the 2006 season a knockout qualifying system was introduced. The FIA revised the 2006 procedures starting with Round 11, the 2006 French Grand Prix.[7] In the first phase, all 22 cars are permitted on the track for a 15-minute qualification session. Only their fastest time will count and drivers may complete as many laps as they wish. In the original format, the clocks were stopped immediately at the end of the session, which meant that drivers on a timed lap did not he their time registered once the 15 minutes were up. From Round 11, any car running a timed lap at the time of the chequered flag is entitled to complete the lap. The slowest six cars can take no further part in qualifying, these cars will make up the last six grid positions in the order of their times.

The times for the six remaining cars are reset for the next 15-minute session. In the original format, the clocks were stopped immediately at the end of the session. From Round 11, cars running timed laps at the chequered flag are allowed to complete the lap. The slowest six cars will make up the grid in positions 11 to 16 in the order of their times.

The times for the ten remaining cars will be reset for the next session. The shootout session lasted 20 minutes under the original regulations, changed to 15 minutes from Round 11. For the final period, the cars will be arranged on the grid in positions one to ten in the order of their times. In the first two 15-minute sessions, cars may run any fuel load and drivers knocked out after those sessions may refuel ahead of the race. However, the top-ten drivers must begin the final 15-minute session with the fuel load on which they plan to start the race. They will be weighed before they lee the pits. Whatever fuel they use in the 15 minutes may be replaced at the end of the session provided that the laps they complete are all within 110% of their best session time; outlaps (a lap that started in the pitlane) and inlaps (a lap that ended in the pitlane) are permitted to be no more than 120% of the driver's best session time. Any fuel for a lap outside of the 110% time will not be replaced. As with the first two 15 minute sessions, if a driver starts a timed lap before the chequered flag falls for the 15 minute session, their time will count even if they cross the finish line after the session has ended.[8]

The race begins with a warm-up formation lap, after which the cars assemble on the starting grid in the order they qualified. If a driver stalls before the parade lap, and the rest of the field passes him, then he must start from the back of the grid. As long as he moves off and at least one car is behind him, he can retake his original position. A racer may also elect to start from pit-lane if he has any last minute problems with the car. If they choose to do this, they must wait for all cars to pass pit-lane before they may begin the race.

A light system above the track then signals the start of the race. Races are a little over 305 kilometres (190 miles) long and are limited to two hours, though in practice they usually last about ninety minutes. Throughout the race, drivers may make one or more pit stops in order to refuel and change tyres. Drivers he access to seven sets of dry-weather tyres, four sets of wet-weather tyres and three sets of extreme-weather tyres for the entire weekend. Drivers must choose the dry-weather compound they will use for the race ahead of qualifying.

The FIA awards points to the top eight drivers and their respective teams of a grand prix on a 10-8-6-5-4-3-2-1 basis (the race winner receives ten points, the first runner-up eight, and so on). The winner of the two annual championships are the driver and the team who he accumulated the most points at the end of the season. If any drivers and/or teams he the exact amount of points and are both competing for the driver and/or team championships, the driver and/or team who has won more Grand Prix races during the course of the season is declared the winner.

Cars and technology

Main article: Formula One cars

Modern Formula One cars are mid-engined open cockpit, open wheel single-seaters. The chassis is made largely of carbon fibre composites, rendering it light but extremely stiff and strong. The whole car, including engine, fluids and driver weighs only 605 kg. In fact this is the minimum weight set by the regulations – the cars are so light that they often he to be ballasted up to this minimum weight.

The cornering speed of Formula One cars is largely determined by the aerodynamic downforce that they generate, which pushes the car down onto the track. This is provided by 'wings' mounted at the front and rear of the vehicle, and by ground effect created by the movement of air under the flat bottom of the car. A significant difference in the design of the latest breeds of F1 cars is that they make far greater use of vortex "lift," or in this case, downforce. Since a vortex is a rotating fluid that creates a low pressure zone at its center, creating vortices lowers the overall local pressure of the air. Since low pressure is what is desired under the car, allowing normal atmospheric pressure to press the car down from the top, by creating vortices, downforce can be augmented while still staying within the rules. The aerodynamic design of the cars is very heily constrained to limit performance and the current generation of cars sport a large number of small winglets, "barge boards" and turning vanes designed to closely control the flow of the air over, under and around the car. The "barge boards" in particular are designed, shaped, configured, adjusted and positioned not to create downforce directly, as with a conventional wing or underbody venturi. They are designed so that air spillage from their edges will create these vortices.

The other major factor controlling the cornering speed of the cars is the design of the tyres. Tyres in Formula One are not 'slicks' (tyres with no tread pattern) as in most other circuit racing series. Each tyre has four large circumferential grooves on its surface designed to further limit the cornering speed of the cars. Suspension is double wishbone or multilink all round with pushrod operated springs and dampers on the chassis. Carbon-Carbon disc brakes are used for reduced weight and increased frictional performance. These provide a very high level of braking performance and are usually the element which provokes the greatest reaction from drivers new to the formula.

Engines are mandated as 2.4 litre normally aspirated V8s, with many other constraints on their design and the materials that may be used. The 2006 generation of engines rev close to 20,000 rpm and produce up to 740 bhp (552 kW).[10] The previous generation of 3-litre V10 engines are also allowed, albeit with their revs limited and with an air restrictor to limit performance. Engines run on unleaded fuel closely resembling publicly ailable petrol. The oil which lubricates and protects the engine from overheating is very similar in viscosity to water. For 2007 the V8 engines will be restricted to 19,000 rpm with limited development areas allowed, following the engine specification freeze from the end of 2006. As outright speed and power are effectively being ced it is widely believed that teams will work on improving reliability, and the torque range of the engine to improve driveability.

A wide variety of technologies – including active suspension, ground effect aerodynamics and turbochargers – are banned under the current regulations. Despite this the 2006 generation of cars can reach speeds of up to 350 km/h (around 220 mph) at some circuits (Monza).[11] A Honda Formula One car, running with minimum downforce on a runway in the Moje desert achieved a top speed of 415 km/h (258 mph) in 2006. According to Honda, the car fully met the FIA Formula One regulations.[12] Even with the limitations on aerodynamics, at 160 km/h, aerodynamically generated downforce is equal to the weight of the car and the often repeated claim that Formula One cars are capable of 'driving on the ceiling' remains true in principle, although it has never been put to the test. At full speed downforce of 2.5 times the car's weight can be achieved. The downforce means that the cars can achieve a lateral force of around four and a half times the force of grity (4.5 g) in cornering - a high-performance road car might achieve around 1 g. Consequently in corners the driver's head is pulled sideways with a force equivalent to 25 kilograms. Such high lateral forces are enough to make breathing difficult and the drivers need supreme concentration to maintain their focus for the 1 to 2 hours that it takes to cover 305 kilometres.

Future of Formula One

Main article: Future of Formula One

See also: 2007 Formula One season and 2008 Formula One season

Formula One went through a difficult period in the early 2000s. Viewing figures dropped, and fans expressed their loss of interest due to the dominance of Michael Schumacher and Ferrari.

The FIA has also been tasked with the responsibility of making rules to combat the spiralling costs which affect the smaller teams and to ensure that the sport remains as safe as possible.

To this end, the FIA has in recent years instituted a number of rule changes, including new tyre restrictions, multi-race engines, and reductions on downforce. Safety and cost are paramount in all rule-change discussions, and the FIA has made public its intention to continue to modify the rules with these goals in mind.

Over the coming years, more radical changes will be made to the rules. In October 2005, the FIA proposal of enhancing overtaking won the support of the teams by agreeing about the new rear wing concept that would eliminate the current single rear wing and replace it with two box-like wings, one behind each rear wheel. However, this proposal ears no longer to be planned. In the long run, the FIA intends to introduce greater restrictions on testing and the introduction of standardised electronic units and tyres.

In the interest of making the sport truer to its designation as a World Championship, FOM president Bernie Ecclestone has initiated and organized a number of Grands Prix in new countries and continues to discuss new future races. The sport's rapid expansion into new areas of the globe also lees some question as to which races will be cut.

Viewing figures are seeing some signs of recovery due to the varied 2005 & 2006 seasons. Ferrari's dominance ended in 2005 as Renault and McLaren-Mercedes became the top two teams in Formula 1, with Fernando Alonso becoming the new World Champion. There has since been a resurgence of interest in the sport and 22 teams lied for the final 12th team spot ailable for the 2008 season. The spot was eventually awarded to former B.A.R. and Benetton team principal Did Richards' Prodrive organisation.

Formula One and Television

See also: List of Formula One broadcasters

Formula 1 can be seen live or tape delayed in almost every country and territory around the world and attracts one of the largest global TV audiences. The 2006 Brazilian Grand Prix attracted a live global TV audience of 83 million viewers, with a total of 154 million viewers.[13]

Official figures from FOM, show Formula One television broadcasts are witnessed on erage 58 billion times per season.[citation needed]

Broadcasters include the longest serving current F1 broadcaster, RTL in Germany, ITV in the United Kingdom, Channel Ten in Australia, TSN in Canada, SPEED Channel in America (although some races were broadcast on CBS during the 2006 season, albeit on tape delay) and many other stations relaying the action live. Recent deals include Al-Jazeera in the Middle East - a market which is steadily growing.

During the early 2000s, Bernie Ecclestone's Formula One Administration created a number of trademarks, an official logo, and an official website for the sport in an attempt to give it a corporate identity. Ecclestone experimented with a digital television package (known colloquially as Bernievision), which was launched at the 1996 German Grand Prix in cooperation with German digital television service "DF1", thirty years after the first GP colour TV broadcast, the 1967 German Grand Prix. This service offered the viewer several simultaneous feeds (such as super signal, on-board, top of field, backfield, highlights, pit lane, timing), which were produced with cameras, technical equipment and staff different from those used for the conventional coverage. It was introduced in many countries over the years, but was shut down after the 2002 for financial reasons.

TV stations all take what is known as the 'World Feed', either produced by the FOM (Formula One Management) or the 'host broadcaster'. This is made up of one of the home nations stations such as TF1 for the French Grand Prix. The only station that has any difference is 'Premiere' - a German channel that offers all sessions live and interactive, with features such as the Onboard channel. This service was more widely ailable around Europe until the end of 2002, when the cost of a whole different feed for the digital interactive services was thought too much. This was a large part because of the failure of the '[[F1 Digital +]]' Channel; launched through Sky Digital in the UK. Prices were too high for viewers to pay when they could watch the Qualifying and Races for free on ITV1.

Distinction between Formula One and World Championship races

Currently, the terms "Formula One race" and "World Championship race" are effectively synonymous[citation needed]; since , every Formula One race has counted towards the World Championship, and every World Championship race has been to Formula One regulations. But the two terms are not interchangeable. Consider that:

the first Formula One race was held in 1947, whereas the World Championship did not start until 1950.

in the 1950s and 1960s, there were many Formula One races which did not count for the World Championship (e.g., in 1950, a total of 22 Formula One races were held, of which only 6 counted towards the World Championship). The number of non-championship Formula One events decreased throughout the 10s and 1980s, to the point where the last non-championship Formula One race was held in 1983.

the World Championship was not always exclusively composed of Formula One events:

The World Championship was originally established as the World Championship for Drivers, i.e., without the term "Formula One" in the title. It only officially became the Formula One World Championship in 1981.

From 1950 to 1960, the Indianapolis 500 counted towards the World Championship. This race was run to AAA/USAC regulations, rather than to Formula One regulations.

From 1952 to 1953, all races counting towards the World Championship (except the Indianapolis 500) were run to Formula Two regulations. Note that Formula One was not "changed to Fomula Two" during this period; the Formula One regulations remained the same, and numerous Formula One races were staged during this time.

The distinction is most relevant when considering career summaries and "all time lists". For example, in the List of Formula One drivers, Clemente Biondetti is shown with 1 race against his name. Biondetti actually competed in 4 Formula One races in 1950, but only one of these counted for the World Championship.

F1的车胎是否充气？

当然是充气的,实心轮胎就不存在爆胎一说了。

轮胎中充气的程度用胎压表示,不同赛道由于其不同的特性需要用不同的胎压来功略。

胎压较大的话,轮胎的抓地力会有一定的减小,但在高速行驶中的阻力会小,同时为轮胎中间磨损的比较快;胎压较小的话,抓地力要好一点但高速行驶中的阻力会增大,同时轮胎的内外两侧的磨损要快一点。

胎压和胎质没有完全绝对的关系,车队在选择的时候都是在找一个很好的平衡点,以使轮胎发挥最大的功效,同样硬胎和软胎的胎压也没有绝对的关系。

F1职业赛车最基本规则

F1就是Formula One 的缩写，中文叫做『一级方程式』。以共同的方程式(规则限制)所造出来的车就称为方程式赛车，而其中等级最高者就属F1，很多人误以为四个轮胎外露的单座位赛车都称为F1，那就误会大了。F1是一套专为单座位赛车所设立技术规则，由FIA每年出版一次，其中详尽规范了赛车尺寸、引擎容积，什麽是可以用或什麽是不行用的技术等所有的条列式规范，并以车手的安全为赛车制造的依归，而依照F1所生产出来的赛车就是一级方程式赛车。F1与奥运会，世界杯足球赛并称为世界三大运动赛事，每站比赛可吸引超过10亿人次透过电视转播或其它媒体观赏这世界顶级的汽车运动赛事。1）术语介绍车身底盘 (Chassis)：赛车的基本架构包括悬吊系统、钢圈轮胎及其他各类车材的组合。一辆高科技F1赛车的车身底盘是由碳纤维板和其他材料合制成的，底盘非常的轻巧而且强力大耐用。

制造商/车队 (Constructor)：F1赛车的制造商是指车身底盘的制造者，而不是指引擎制造商。按照规定，底盘制造者的名字通常是放在引擎制造商名字的前面，在一级方程式锦标赛中，车队冠军的荣耀是颁给车身底盘的制造商。　　减速弯道 (Chicane)：在直线赛道上设置的连续弯道，用来降低赛车的车速。　　发夹弯道(Hairpin)：难度非常高，车手驾控非常棘手的弯道，通常是180度象发夹似的弯道路段。　　赛车驾驶舱 (Cockpit)：赛车车身结构内车手驾车的座位区域，是专为车手量身定做的,车手在座位内仅可转头、手及脚。　　乱流 (Dirty air)：急驶中的赛车所产生的不同方向、不同角度的气流。乱流会干扰紧随其后的其他赛车所产生的气流，从而影响（减少）空气流动中所产生的下压力，这就会使紧随其后的赛车驾控受到影响，赛车有可能会打滑失控。　　下压力 (Downforce)：赛车的车身，车翼及悬吊系统在高速行驶的过程中，因空气流动的作用而产生向下的压力。下压力随着赛车速度的增加会产生的更强，从而使赛车的抓地力增强。　　风洞 (Wind Tunnel)：赛车在急驶的过程中，车身周围不同的风速会产生风洞。风洞对正在比赛中的赛车所造成的影响程度，是由专门的精密仪器来测量的。　　排位 (Grid)：赛车决赛时起跑的排列位置，是按照排位赛的比赛结果而排列确定的。赛车排列置于两赛车交错的行列，最前端的赛车领先下一辆赛车有8米远的间隔距离。　　起跑排位 (Starting Grid)：根据车手的赛车在排位赛的成绩来排定其赛车的起跑的位置。　　竿位 (Pole Position)：竿位又称为P.P.是星期六下午排位赛取得的名次而定，以赛车所跑单圈最快的成绩来确定车手在决赛起跑时最前面的排头位。　　排位赛 (Qualifying)：排位赛是决定正式大奖赛的出发时的排位顺序。在正式比赛的前一天，在指定的一个小时中，每个车队的车手要在赛道上竞速，以单圈的最快成绩来排顺序，决定次日的出发排位顺序。这是十分科学的。排位赛持续一小时，每辆车最多允许跑12圈，赛车手在期间尽量跑出单圈最好成绩。　　装备区 (Paddock):设在赛事赛道的起跑位附近，这是车队管理和休息区及运输车辆停放的地方。　　维修区 (Pits)：是所有赛车的车库，供赛车检修的地方。　　维修道 (Pit Lane)：经过特殊设计的在维修站前的通道，是赛车从维修站进入赛道或离开赛道返回维修站的通道。维修道是有严格速度限制的路段，一般速度限制在80-120公里/时速( 即每小时50-74英哩)，不同的赛道有不同的限速规定。　　停站 (Pit Stop)：赛程中预定的后勤为维修区，是车手加油及换轮胎的地方，进维修站的时机及次数是每个车队比赛的重要策略。　　光头胎 (Slicks)：在干燥路面上使用的没有胎纹的赛车轮胎也称干胎。光头胎是于1998年的赛季前被有四条直纹沟槽的轮胎（干胎）给取代了，这些沟槽是用来降低赛车过弯道时的速度。　　后勤维修人员 (Pit Crew)：指在维修区负责车队的工程师和技师。　　赛车号码 (Race Number)：在新赛季之前FIA会根据前一年的车手排名，给予每辆F1赛车一个号码，此号码必须是很清楚地展示于车体的车鼻翼两侧，离地高度最少要有25mm。13这一数字西方人特别忌讳，因此13赛车号码，是没有的即没有被使用过。　　安全车 (Safety Car)：是一辆闪著**车灯的奔驰车，车身并贴有"Safety Car"的标志。安全车的驾驶者很有经验，车上装有与控制台联络的通讯系统.2）三条原则性规则F1大赛在1950——1995的45年里，共进行了580场，其中举办最多的是欧洲，共407次，最少的是大洋洲只有11次。在欧洲，举办赛事最多的地方是意大利的蒙扎，有45次，其次为摩纳哥、赞德沃特、斯帕、银石和纽伦堡。在此之前的车赛，常借用城市的街道和公路作为赛场，比赛规则也不完善，因此选手受到了很大的局限性。然而随着专业赛道的出现，比赛的规则也在不断的完善，其中大致可分为二类：　一，由于考虑到比赛的安全性和竞争的公平性，FIA制定了三条原则性规则。　　1，为了使赛车手在相同的竞技条件下，发挥各自的潜力，进行公平的竞争，组委会对赛车的重量、尺寸、燃料类型、气缸排量以及轮胎的尺寸，都有了明确的规定。同时，由于空气动力装置对轮胎具有下压力，可以提高车速，因此对它的安装也有了具体的规定。　　2，为了提供最完善的安全措施，防止事故的发生，组委会对赛车的基本结构、军用轮胎、安全型橡胶燃料箱、燃料阻燃器、安全衣帽等装置都有一定的限定，还规定了燃料库地点、维修站燃料放置地点，车手出入驾驶舱以及驾驶舱的大小。同时，还要求用朱门的保护措施。　　3，为了防止给个人和车队带来沉重的经济负担，组委会禁止增加比赛场次，并限制了比赛开支。它规定车赛每年只能举行16场；赛车发动机的气缸应呈圆形，数目不能超过12个，同时还必须具有4个冲程互换型和自然吸气式；每辆赛车仅有的4个轮胎当中，又2个可以是驱动的。　　二，为了限制高速，以免发生危险，赛事对专用赛道的长度、宽度、路面情况，以及安全措施均有极为严格的要求。一般赛道为环行，每圈长3——7千米，赛道总长一般为305——320千米，不允许有过长的直道，赛道两旁一般铺设宽阔的草地或沙地，减小对观众的威胁。　　对于一个合格的专用赛道来说，以下一些设备是必不可少的：　　1，赛道每圈长在3至7千米之间，宽在7至11米之间，同时必须有众多的弯道，以此来控制车速。　　2，起步与终点的直道宽12米，可以并排放置两辆车但不觉得拥挤，长一般要求为250左右。　　3，为了观众的安全，看台必须有1。2米高的栏杆和铁丝网与赛道隔开。　　4，为了便于电视转播，赛道上必须拥有摄象机和电视塔。　　5，为了让看台上的观众能了解全部的比赛情况，在看台对面，必须放置大屏幕的电视。　　6，为了让安全人员随时都能保持赛道畅通，及时处理各种事故，向车手发出存在潜在危险的警告信号，安全人员的观察站要设立在相对危险的地段。　　7，拥有对受伤车手进行紧急救护的直升飞机。　　8，在修理站旁的防护地点，要有医疗站，内设手术室和急救室。　　9，参赛各队各配备一个属于永久设施的修理站。　　10，在理站后方的高看台上，设立赞助商接待看台，这个看台必须可以俯视修理站。11，为运输车和宿营车提供围场——停车场。　　12，比赛控制塔要设置在可以看见修理站入口的地方，也就是整个控制塔的第二层，这样便于指挥人员通过无线电装置与安全人员联系，确保比赛的顺利进行。3）F1旗语：指挥旗为长方形，由赛道各处的裁判执掌，各种旗语的具体含义如下：　　绿旗：比赛开始时出示，表示热身圈比赛开始。　　黄旗：出示黄旗后出示表示危险已经消除，赛场一切恢复正常，比赛可以正常进行。　　黄红条静止旗：表示路面有水或油，赛车容易打滑，应小心驾驶。　　黄红条挥动旗：警告车手路面湿滑程度较重，驾驶应格外小心。　　白旗：表示在赛道上有赛会指定的车辆或行驶缓慢的赛车，提醒车手注意避让该类车辆，以免发生危险。　　**静止旗：表示前面有危险，车手应减速。　　**挥动旗：表示前面有危险，车手应减速行驶，此时超车视为犯规；如果车手在同一地方再次看见裁判挥动黄旗，应减慢车速并做好停车准备。　　蓝色静止旗：表示车后有其他赛车紧随，车手应提高警惕，但不必避让。　　蓝色挥动旗：表示紧随其后的赛车准备高速超越，车手应注意安全，但仍可按原路线和速度行驶，无需避让。　　黑、白对角旗：表示对车手缺乏体育道德行为的第一次警告，如果车手置之不理，则出黑旗与白旗取消其比赛资格。　　黑旗与白色数字旗组合使用：白色旗的数字显示该数字编号的车已被取消比赛资格，车手必须在下一圈进入维修站，并向大赛组委会报告。　　红旗：一般不挥动。一旦挥动该旗，意味着比赛暂停或提前结束。停赛原因可能是多方面的，但却不是按原来要求圆满地进行完毕而停止的。　　黑、白格旗：表示比赛圆满结束。4）各国家赛道：上海国际赛道· 日本—铃鹿赛道 · 中国—上海国际赛道 · 意大利—蒙扎赛道 · 比利时—斯帕赛道 · 匈牙利—布达佩斯赛道 · 德国—霍根海姆赛道 · 英国—银石赛道 · 法国—马格尼赛道 · 美国—印地安那波利斯赛道 · 加拿大—蒙特利尔赛道 · 欧洲—纽博格林赛道 · 摩纳哥—蒙特卡洛赛道 · 西班牙—加泰罗尼亚赛道 · 圣马力诺—伊莫拉赛道 · 巴林—巴林赛道 · 马来西亚—雪邦赛道 · 澳大利亚—阿尔伯特公园赛道 5）怎样成为F1职业赛车手?要成为世界顶级赛车的驾驶员或正式车手，必须从儿童时代开始，而且培养这样一位车手，必须靠三代人的共同努力，甚至是一个国家的支持。要成为F1车手，必须经历几个阶段。第一个阶段，是在8-12岁期间。这名车手一定要在各级卡丁车比赛中胜出，包括国内各种赛事，以及一些国际比赛，都必须有获胜的把握。在这个阶段，车手在卡丁车比赛中培养各种赛车的基本知识，包括最佳线路等等，同时也感受赛车气氛。

第二阶段，在12-16岁期间。这一阶段，车手开始进入初期方程式阶段，参加比如Campus之类的方程式比赛。这些未来的F1车手在这个阶段所参加的初级方程式比赛中，必须在竞争对手中鹤立鸡群，成为最出色的车手。此时进入初级方程式阶段是为了让车手尽早学习和熟悉方程式赛车。 第三阶段，在16-22岁期间。车手在Campus已经取得很大的成功，这时已经具备进入高级方程式阶段的条件了。所谓的高级方程式，主要指F3、雷诺方程式和F2000之类的方程式。要进军F1的车手更加需要在该级别的比赛中取得好成绩，甚至是获得世界范围内的冠军。特别是F3比赛，因为目前F1车手大部分都是从F3直接晋身F1的。当然除了F3以外，别的方程式赛车也能作为进入F1的途径，比如F3000、美国Indy car等等的高水平比赛，这些比赛的技巧和难度已经非常接近F1。但是也会有一些特殊的例子，比如说麦克拉伦车队的芬兰小将莱柯宁，他是直接从雷诺方程式进入F1的。 第四阶段，当车手在高级方程式取得耀眼的成绩同时，又被F1车队相中之后，就会成为F1车队的试车员。F1的试车员是没有比赛任务的，除非在正式车手受伤或者无法出赛时替补上场。试车员的任务是不断驾驶F1赛车，给予赛车设计师意见，以提高赛车水平。同时对于年轻的新车手来说，这时是积累F1赛车驾驶时间的好机会。

第五阶段，当车手的水平和驾驶时间已经达到要求之后，就要等待各个车队所提供的机会了，可以参加比赛的就这么二十几个人，因此每年更换的车手也只不过几个人。所以除了实力以外，机遇也非常重要。一旦被选中，就可以成为真正的F1车手了。

://hi.baidu/yysports/blog/item/371e7e231ab2a64c93580750.html

怎样才能成为一名F1赛车手？

要想成为赛车手 请往下看！

进行一次培训

只要你有两年以上的驾龄，就可以参加赛车培训。笔者了解到，中汽联对赛车驾照培训进行了改革，指定了全国三个定点培训基地，分别是上海大众333车队、北京汽联基地和昆明红河车队。培训时间为3天，培训完了通过考核发给临时C照。据了解，上海大众333车队今年赛程安排较满，初步安排6期左右。最近的一期将在5月21日－23 日举行，培训人数的最低名额要求是15人。整个培训费用为6000 元，包括执照费、训练费以及一套连体赛车服和一双赛车鞋。此外，车队还会安排专车接送学员往返于市区和训练场。

考一本赛车照

经过培训，并且考核合格就可以拥有一张赛车驾照。赛车驾照共分六个等级分别为E级、D级、C级、B级、A级和super 级（F1车手专用）。只有C级（含C级）以上的才可以参加国际比赛，D级参加国内赛事，E级只能参加各省市比赛或者在全国拉力赛中做领航员，不能参加全国性质的比赛，至于培训合格发给的临时C级在两年内至少参加两次全国性质的比赛才能转为正式C级。目前国内赛车手的驾照是由国际汽联授权中国汽联颁发的，正面为中文，背面是英文。据介绍，国内有20多名优秀赛车手拿到了C级照。

改装一辆赛车

这个环节需要大量资金的投入，这也就是为什么赛车运动离一般人很遥远的重要原因。虽然改装的费用昂贵，但对于外界关于赛车运动就是烧钱的说法，笔者并不表示认同。如果一般的车迷只想过过瘾，俱乐部还有一系列各种档次的配置，可以根据车手以及车队的经济实力来决定。能上拉力赛道的最低配置，即是对一些小部件进行改动，增加一定的安全性，保留发动机等核心部件，价钱为2万至3万元，包括必要的方向盘、座椅、四点或六点式安全带、入门级避震器等简易配置。如果成为俱乐部成员还会赠送比赛训练用服装等等配置，会员费是一年100元。而一般的车手和车手改装的费用都要达到至少20万元左右。

参加一次比赛

参加比赛环节的花费也比较大，这些钱主要是用在比赛过程中对赛车的维护。一般参加一次全国性的比赛，从报名到保险整个程序不会超过2000 元。不过，这个数字仅仅是比赛维护费用的一个零头。大车队的运营费用一般都比较高，有数量赛车的大车队参加比赛的费用在100万元左右。一般小车队和个人每台车则在6左右 有两个方法成为车手的途径，

一种就是属于花大量钱的途径和花少量钱的途径，不花钱的途径就麻烦你帮忙洗赛车了。那我就先说说花大量钱的途径，首先还是要按照中国汽车联合会的要求去参加赛车培训，考取一张D级临时拉力赛照。一般初级培训全国均价是6000左右，培训三天，培训内容也就是一般驾驶赛车的技术和一些安全措施等等，不会教给你们太高深的驾驶技术，因为你那时候还处在初级阶段。OK，拿到了D级临时的拉力赛车执照后你就很开心的成为了一名赛车手了，不过是初级的车手，接着往下看看就知道你还早了。根据汽联规定，你拿着D临拉力赛照必须参加两站全国汽车短道拉力赛，那这样你第二年就可以换成D正式赛照了。说到全国汽车短道拉力锦标赛和全国汽车拉力锦标赛我就需要解说一下，因为很多朋友对这两个名称很难理解。首先你拿到D临时赛照后你可以报名参加的是全国汽车短道拉力赛当中的B组比赛（业余组别），那等你有机会能在B组拿过任何一个分站前三名后，下一年你就可以参加A组比赛（专业组别）。你能在A组当中跑出很好成绩甚至是夺得多个分站冠军或者年度总冠军后你再去参加全国拉力锦标赛，你就会感觉到里面的高手太多了，你拿不到冠军的，甚至都是被刷到收尾这样的成绩。好了说回正题，如果你有经济实力，那么当你拿到D正式拉力赛照后其实你已经是个赛车手了，已经达到目的了，那么再往下就要花大钱了。你可以不用参加任何短道分站赛了，你看看中国CRC（全国汽车拉力锦标赛）中，你比较喜欢比哪个组别，有N4，N2，S1，S2，S3那么多个组别，你可以任意选，那些组别N4组别属于最高组别比赛，也是高手最多，花钱最多的组别，不过你可以选择开四驱赛车EVO或者STI，那很刺激了，可以感受很强烈的过弯漂移那种快感。那我就拿N4来说好了，因为我跑N4的所以比较了解情况。你初出茅庐就不要指望有车队会请你，那么你就得自己买台N4赛车来跑跑了，一般买半退役N4赛车的价钱在25-50万之间，这取决与你选的赛车装备的情况。那你买好了赛车后最省钱的方法就是去找个车队，让他们负责你的后勤维修和赛车油什么的，一般自己带车加入车队跑，车队一般收取一场服务费是3万至4万。车队提供维修，提供一般航油，负责调你车电脑，轮胎，就只有这样。然后你就这样慢慢的跑吧，一年跑5站比赛，你还要准备几十万是给赛车换零件和修车的钱，等你花了过百万后就会出现两种情况了，一就是你确实有实力，那么那些拉力车队就会考虑请你做车队拿积分的车手，那么这样的话你就不用出钱，什么都不用管，车队会帮你负责你来回吃住所有费用，赛车当然更不用担心，车队会帮你准备好赛车还有给你用车队最好的，你还可以每场有比赛出场费用，你就成为了一名真正的职业车手了，这所有的前提条件就是一开始你得自己花钱参加比赛。那另一种情况就是你跑不出什么成绩，那么你就只有继续自己花大量的钱来跑比赛，属于自费车手了。上述基本把成为车手的路程和大家介绍完了，那上面是属于有经济条件的，那没那么多钱的你也别担心，只要你认为自己是天才车手有实力车手就还是有车队请你的

目前世界上有什么汽车比赛？

分类: 体育/运动 >> 赛车/F1

问题描述:

目前世界上有什么汽车比赛？

例如F1、A1

各个简称是什么啊？

解析:

汽车场地比赛的一种。赛车必须依照国际汽车联合会制定颁发的车辆技术规则规定的程式制造，包括车体结构、长度和宽度、最低重量、发动机工作容积、汽缸数量、油箱容量、电子设备、轮胎的距离和大小等。

各级方程式赛车的制造程式不同。属于方程式汽车比赛的项目有：F-1、 F-3000、 F-3、亚洲方程式、无限方程式、福特方程式、雷诺方程式、卡丁车方程式等。

一级方程式赛车(F1/Formula 1)

世界一级方程式锦标赛。汽车场地比赛项目之一。是方程式汽车赛中最高级别的比赛。世界上首次举行赛车场上的赛车是1900年在法国的默伦。现代世界一级方程式锦标赛是于1950年在英国银石赛车场开始的, 现在每年举行16场比赛，由国际汽车联合会安排比赛。现有的19支参赛车队均为“一级方程式车队协会 (FOCA) ”的成员。 车手必须持有由国际汽车联合会签发的“超级驾驶执照”。 每年全世界持有这种执照的车手不超过100人。

比赛设车手奖和车队奖。 每场比赛的全程距离为305公里, 所用时间不超过2小时。每场比赛取前六名,车手获得的分数依次为10, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1。在每一赛季结束后, 将车手在全年16场比赛中取13场最好的比赛成绩相加得出总积分, 得分最高者为当年世界冠军。车队世界冠军的计分方法与车手相同。

比赛使用四轮外露的单座位纯跑道用方程式赛车, 由底盘、发动机、 变速系统、 轮胎和空气动力装置等构成，最低重量为505公斤。 底盘是以航天飞机的构造科学为基本理论依据, 用碳化纤维制造的。 发动机依不同时期的比赛规则而变化, 自1995年开始, 规定使用汽缸容积为3.0公升的自然吸气式汽油发动机, 汽缸数目最多12个，输出马力为650匹。 变速器设有六至七个档位， 并用半自动变速系统。

使用的轮胎用特殊合成橡胶制造, 分干地与湿地两种，以便于在不同气候下使用。赛车的车身呈流线形, 在其前、后部设有扰流装置和翼子板, 在运动中利用空气动力学的原理产生下压力量，增加轮胎的附着力，使赛车紧贴地面运动。

方程式汽车赛(F3/Formula 3)

方程式汽车场地比赛项目之一。使用的赛车是四轮外露的单座位纯跑道用方程式赛车, 外形与一级方程式赛车相类似，但体积较小, 最低重量为455公斤, 配备4汽缸、工作总容积为2公升的自然吸气式汽油发动机，输出功率约170马力。

方程式3000(F3000/Formula 3000)

3.0公升方程式汽车赛。方程式汽车场地比赛项目之一。设有国际大奖赛等比赛。使用的赛车是四轮外露的单座位纯跑道用方程式赛车, 装备8汽缸、工作总容积为3公升的自然吸气式汽油发动机，输出功率约475马力。

亚洲方程式(Formula ASIA)

方程式汽车场地比赛项目之一，限在亚洲地区开展。使用的赛车是四轮外露的单座位纯跑道用方程式赛车, 车身规格与方程式相似, 配备1台" 福特 "4汽缸工作总容积为2公升的自然吸气式汽油发动机, 输出功率约160马力。

直线竞速赛(Drag Racing)

汽车场地比赛项目之一。比赛按不同车型及发动机工作容积分为 12 - 14 个级别，在两条并列长1500米、 各宽15米的直线柏油跑道上进行，实际比赛距离为 1/4英里或1/8英里。 比赛时每 2 辆车为1组，实行淘汰制，分多轮进行，直至决出冠军。用定点发车方法，加速行进，通过电子仪器测量从发车线到终点线的行驶时间评定成绩。

使用特别设计制造的活塞式或喷气式专用赛车，以汽油、甲醇或煤油为燃料，车重500- 1000公斤。其中"高级酒精发烧友(TAFC)"级的发动机容积达8930CC，输出功率2500马力, 速度达382公里/小时；“三角架高级燃料车(TFD)”级的发动机容积为8127CC，输出功率5000马力，速度可达460公里/小时；“喷气发烧友”级的发动机输出功率达10000马力。

耐久赛(Grand Touring Car)

亦称“GT赛”。汽车场地比赛的一种。为长时间耐久性汽车比赛。比赛车辆分旅行车和运动原型车两类，并根据发动机的工作容积分为若干级别。比赛中每车可设 2- 3 名驾驶员，轮流驾驶。

每年国际汽车耐力系列赛分为11站, 在世界各地举行。比赛一般进行8- 12小时, 以完成圈数的多少评定成绩。 较著名的比赛有：法国勒芒( Le Mans) 24小时耐久赛、日本铃鹿(Suzuka) 8小时耐久赛。 回到页首

印地车赛(Indy Car)

汽车场地比赛的一种。设有世界锦标赛。该车赛起源于美国, 原为美国汽车协会主办的锦标赛。18年由18支印地车队联合成立了“印地锦标赛赛车队有限公司", 建立了赛事管理机构举办系列车赛，制订了独特的比赛规则。19年举办了第一次比赛，成为不受国际汽车联合会管辖的汽车比赛。

比赛使用车辆的整体结构类似一级方程式的四轮外露式单座位纯跑道用赛车，但使用8汽缸、工作容积为 2.6- 3.4 公升以甲醇为燃料的涡轮增压式发动机, 输出功率700~850马力。依不同的比赛场地比赛距离为320公里至800公里不等。

卡丁车赛(Karting)

汽车场地比赛项目的一种。分方程式卡丁车、国际A、B、C、E级和普及级六类， 共12个级别。使用轻钢管结构，操纵简单，无车体外壳，装配100CC、 125CC或 250CC汽油发动机的4轮单座位微型赛车, 重心低，在曲折的环型路线上行驶，比赛速度感强。

卡丁车是世界方程式赛车的最初级形式, 始于1940年。由于许多著名的一级方程式赛手都是从卡丁车起步的，因此卡丁车被视为“F- 1”的摇篮。

创纪录赛(Land-Speed Record-LSR)

在某个场地或路段以单车出发创造最高行驶速度记录的汽车活动。按汽车发动机的工作容积分A - J共10个级别。

现今以轮胎驱动的汽车的最高速度记录是1965年11月由赛默兄弟( Summer Brother )创造的，时速达660公里/小时； 以喷气式发动机为动力驱动的汽车最高速度记录是1983年由英国人理查德·诺贝尔( Richard Noble )驾驶他自己设计的 Thrust II 车在美国内华达州西北的盐湖上创造的，时速达1019.89公里/小时。其发动机的输出总功率为60000马力。

拉力赛(Rally)

亦称“多日赛”。汽车道路比赛项目之一。在有路基的土路、砂砾路或柏油路上进行。在一个国家内或者跨越数国举行的既检验车辆性能和质量，又考验驾驶技术的长途比赛。

比赛在规定的日期内分若干阶段进行，每阶段内设置由行驶路段连接的数个测试速度的赛段,交替进行，每个赛段的长度不超过30公里。比赛用单个发车方法，每个车组由1名驾驶员和1名副驾驶员（领航员)组成。以每个车组完成全部特殊路段比赛的时间和在行驶路段所受处罚时间累计计算最终成绩，时间短者名次列前。比赛对行驶路段的行驶时间有严格限制，车组必须按规定的时间依次到每个时间控制点报到，迟到或早到都会受到处罚。

必须使用在国际汽联注册、年产量超过5000辆的标准4座小客车和旅行车, 并按比赛规则改装。发动机最大输出功率不准超过300马力。

国际汽车拉力赛每年设有世界拉力锦标赛( 14站 )、欧洲拉力锦标赛( 11站, 难度系数分20/10/5/2 )、亚洲拉力锦标赛(6站)、非洲拉力锦标赛( 5站 )、中东拉力锦标赛(6站)等众多大型赛事。

越野赛(Rallycross)

汽车道路比赛项目之一。是在一个国家的公路和自然道路上举行的允许对该国进行考察的汽车比赛。经过几个国家的领土、总长度超过10,000公里或跨洲的比赛称马拉松越野赛。除国际汽联特别批准外，越野赛的赛程不得超过15天，比赛必须在白天进行。用单车发车方式。 比赛每经过10个阶段后至少休息18个小时。

每阶段的行驶距离自定, 但每个赛段的最大长度, 越野赛规定不超过350公里, 马拉松越野赛规定不超过800公里。 必须使用在国际汽联注册的全轮驱动汽车参赛。

1996年国际汽联首次对越野赛实行世界杯赛制，其中较著名的比赛有巴黎至达喀尔越野赛、突尼斯国际汽车赛、巴黎至莫斯科至北京马拉松汽车越野赛、 *** 联合酋长国沙漠挑战赛等。

介绍世界上著名房车赛的历史和参赛车型

最著名应该就是DTM和V8了。下面我来说一下它们的一些历史。

V8(V8 SuperCar)国际超级房车赛是世界顶级房车大赛,与F1、NASCAR, INDY并称为国际4大汽车赛事。它创建于1961年，至今已有44年历史。它是生命力与创造力的展现，是汽车工业文明与汽车时尚文化的结晶。V8赛事经国际汽联FIA授权批准，由澳大利亚V8赛事组织(AVESCO)在澳大利亚国内和国际两方面管理和运作，并成功地推动其发展。

DTM 德国房车大师赛(German Touring Car Masters)是举世公认的“最高级别房车大赛”，同时也是欧洲最受欢迎的房车系列赛。DTM赛事于年起源于德国，但同时也是面向全球的赛事。2004年赛季共在德国举办了六场分站比赛，另外四场分站比赛分别在葡萄牙、意大利、捷克斯洛伐克共和国以及荷兰四国举行。期间，来自九个不同国家的21名车手角逐了2004年DTM大赛。